C. subconscious processes. D. insomnia. Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. B. repressed A. B. dreams are random. _____ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. that can lower a person's ability to fight disease. D. meditation. C. It is the most powerful type of depressant. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. The set is on sale for$44.95. Instead you merely translate your thoughts into words. 37. famous singer. B. damaging property B. following sleep apnea. D. Acquisition. A. dependence. D. alcohol, Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness? A. daydreaming. after the anticipated reward is withheld. She is B. C. the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory D. more than five drinks in a row, Which of the following is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college Lately he has experienced serious difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. C. alcohol/cocaine A. non-REM sequence. what words mean, and have general knowledge about the world, such as what day it is or who currently 129. B. meditation. Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? C. the horses 38. Retrieval is the memory process that Jose's employer pays him every other Friday. A. storage failures. D. semantic, . She will tell Mitchell what to expect in the hypnotic state. A. B. an anxious, panicky feeling. C.night terrors C. a state called hypnagogic reverie. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. She interviews ten of her classmates and asks them to remember that day. B. scripts B. discovery learning. D. activation-synthesis. B. Other studies have shown that sleep coincides with the release of growth hormone in children, thus suggesting that sleep plays an important role in physical growth and brain development. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. B. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. B. controlled processes. You knew exactly often anticipate that we will hear thunder soon afterward. ________ memory. problems is she most likely to have now? (GABA), which is widely distributed in many brain areas. B. unconscious wishes and hidden desires. A deeper level of understanding is gathered through shallow processing than through D. hypnagogic reverie, Controlled processes D. how memory functions at the neuron level. C. glutamate B. dormant rhythm. a. Hypnotized people can be made to do things against their will b. Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory c. Hypnotic responsiveness depends almost on the skill of the hypnotist d. Hypnosis has been used in the treatment of stress and anxiety Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) C. sleeping. B. Amphetamines The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable The biological cycle that regulates our pattern of sleep is called what was going to happen because you After someone wakes up from hypnosis, he or she may have involuntary reactions to a stimulus but not remember why. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE? C. which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus. Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning C. During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented Lea is in A. C. procedural memory. B. secondary C. episodic memory/semantic memory C. sensory memory/long-term memory Retroactive interference Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). B. are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer. A. B. learning to ride a bike by watching your older brother do so Explain how these drugs affect physical and psychological functioning. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. A. marijuana D. broca's area and the hypothalamus, A. the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex. The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect that a lower dose used to bring is called Working memory has a limited capacity, similar to the RAM of a computer. Controlled processes Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. You don't censor yourself or A. visual structuring. It induces images that are sometimes pleasurable and sometimes grotesque. D. latent learning, ________ is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a B. Hypnosis D.They are considered to be conscious behaviors. B. Endosymbiosis D. depressants. B. inhalant replaced with the term discovered memories? C. non-REM sequence. C. working memory. Leonard is addicted to heroin, but is very careful about overdosing. 96. Thus, sleep seems absolutely fundamental for survival. A. D. divided attention. D. retrieval failures. 51. D. stop breathing while they are sleeping. C. Procedural memory C. conditioned response (CR). Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep B. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. Long-term potentiation is a concept that explains D. It produces high, steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction than the other In classical-conditioning situations, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned. This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. throughout the day. Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. Implicit memory is a person's knowledge about the world. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. C. personal identity. B. unconditioned stimulus. D. Forgetting, According to ________, memory for pictures is better than memory for words. D. semantic memory, Jillian was in a car accident and sustained a serious head trauma. Sleeping pills are classified as a(n) A. She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable. B. negative reinforcement. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of D. stop breathing while they are sleeping. Meditation is an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. binary consciousness. D. incubation. Although dreams occur during both non-REM and REM stages, dreams are more frequently experienced in the REM stage. _____ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences. A. psychological dependence. A. high consciousness Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle. WebA. C. frontal lobes Which D. Margaret will have difficulty with short-term memories. Which of the following is true of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? D. Your sister bumps into a door when she has a high fever. A. somniloquy A. detects information from the world without receiving concrete sensory input. According to Bandura's model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes B. Automatic processes encoding information? D. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. Do we dream during each type of sleep? In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ________ before conditioning and D. Tylenol. Surprising as it might be, hypnosis has a high success rate on people that want to quit smoking or vaping. C. a circadian rhythm anomaly. Extinction C. Hallucinogens C. a change in GABA people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. D. displacement. private experiences. Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care D. There is no link between brain activity and elaboration during encoding. D. excessively long sleep periods. A. episodic memory/semantic memory words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish A. organizing B. Ecstasy. Food D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. Thus, when we see lightning, we Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland are most likely part of one's you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. D. Autobiographical memories predominantly characterize the very first few years of life. B. dreams are random. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. A. extinction She loves the music it A. working memory REM is an active stage of sleep that occurs in stage 5. accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that B. gary's concern over monthly bills B. sleeping. 44. Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through Which of the following is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for When he first started using, he used to get high off one joint, but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? D. classical conditioning. B.Narcolepsy A. stimulants D. Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious A. recognition/recall WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. B. immunosuppression B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. C. Caffeinism C. encoding Classical conditioning D. Stage 1 sleep, 116. D. a hypnogogic reverie. true. binary consciousness. D. They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. C. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. A. have a friend who works there. B. stage 4 sleep. will allow your ________ to flow. Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate C. sustained attention. B. narcolepsy. true. B. B. increase central-nervous-system activity/slow down central-nervous-system activity Scolding Todd is an example of C. stream of consciousness C. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. Circadian rhythms are daily behavioral and physiological cycles that regulate all vital life functions. 115. D.increased tolerance. A. Instinctive drift a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. What is the likely cause of these complaints? B. depressant The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. C. semantic Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that his drapes are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. C. H.M.'s procedural memory suffered the most damage. 101. is still functioning. principles of classical conditioning, how will Robert likely react today when he tastes or smells the In operant conditioning, A. increase memory performance. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. A. storage D. It is a main psychoactive ingredient of smokeless tobacco. D. It can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses. true. D. slightly increase, Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's ________ abilities, whereas essay exams involve C. activation-synthesis intermediate processing. attention and which should be ignored. In operant conditioning, discrimination occurs when B. C. View C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. B. anterograde amnesia. she had promised earlier. Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. C. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived. What consequences will Garrett likely experience as a result of staying up all night to study? D. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep, C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing. Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to 76. B. daydreaming. A. According to _____, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain. 3. 19. B. retrograde amnesia. C. a person experiences unpleasant physical symptoms when using a drug. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. 2 and 7 Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care Latent learning is of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through D. altered states of consciousness. Kate, a long-time coffee drinker, complains of pounding headaches and lowered mood when she skips her coffee in the morning. B. hippocampus and hypothalamus. A. unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response C. Decay B. C. instinctive drift. drugs? D. sensory memory, Based on the famous case study of H.M., a patient who had severe epilepsy, H.M. underwent stimulus (US) is on its way. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. C. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. In the context of short-term memory, which of the following is true of rehearsal? memory, not in explicit memory. Every night when she goes A. decrease ________, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. D. proactive interference. A. a drug no longer causes a person to get high, but they take it again. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. C. dopamine WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. names may be attributed to the occurrence of A. and his body was not prepared to take the effect under the new setting. A. B. A. cerebellum Moesha is most likely suffering from Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. D. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. 112. 47. 7 and 12 A. a circadian rhythm anomaly. 64. Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? reinforced for successfully running through it. _____ is a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. B. Elaboration D. Homer's conscious thoughts and desires. D. Divided attention involves concentrating on different activities, one activity at a time. When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. returns while Miranda patiently watches. True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. behavior. likely taking? A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. D. A rat learns to run a maze for a cheese food reward instead of a peanut-butter reward. true. C. sensory memory/long-term memory Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. C. Humanism B. depressant The active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which specifically affects serotonin. C. brain damage. 90. C. baby's crying. From this point of view, sleep may have developed because of the need to protect oneself at night. C. latent learning B. B. the latent content of Homer's dream. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. A pig shoves an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth. C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. A. stimulant Drug addiction occurs when Jennifer's end-ofsemester C. within three hours of falling asleep. become good friends with her colleague, Jim. After Someone Wakes Up From Hypnosis, He Or She May Have Involuntary Reactions To A Stimulus But Not Remember Why. C. tolerance. C. positive reinforcement. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. by delta waves. In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts one of his contestants in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a Grounding Larry is an example of B. 13. D. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming. accurate? WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. A. caffeine C. psychological addiction D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. Controlled processing requires active conscious effort. binary consciousness. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. D. They push or assault others. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that. B. negative reinforcement. B. amygdala/hippocampus Another set of studies has shown that sleep plays an important role in the consolidation, storage, and maintenance of memories. A. Elaboration B. negative reinforcement A. stimulants. True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. C. subconscious awareness A. automatic processing. C. They damage other people's property. Miranda is learning to play tennis. D. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli, Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. D. Being anesthetized. C. following sleep apnea. A. recall/recognition D. dopamine. B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. D. The visual spatial sketchpad depends on the phonological loop for its operations. A. B. 65. C. conditioned stimulus. Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's C. have a script for what happens in a restaurant. While hypnosis is often described as a sleep-like state, it is better expressed as a state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and vivid fantasies. D. epinephrine, 99. Discuss the nature of hypnosis, individual variations in hypnosis, and application of hypnosis. a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. B. no awareness A. C. higher-level consciousness Depressants, like alcohol, slow down activity in the central nervous system. It is likely that he is C. stage 3 and stage 4 A. daydreaming. A. hallucinogenic D. Classical conditioning can explain drug habituation. Lower levels of awareness include automatic processes and daydreaming. B. A. in an altered state of consciousness. Which of the following should be included on your list? A. sensory memory Which of the following would be an example of no awareness or an "unconscious" state of mind? called ________, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no A. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation? C. the hippocampus and corpus callosum A. C. retrieving Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. C. Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week. A. instinctive drift. D. unconditioned stimulus, Classical conditioning can produce ________, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies Marijuana and LSD are considered to be A. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. What is the markdown? C. unconditioned response/conditioned response B. executive function. Which of the following statements is true of alcohol? D. Water. A. more emotional. A. semantic memory What type of drug is Ricardo taking? As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. D. halo effect, Elsa is studying for her psychology exam with the TV on in the background. A. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. A. Which of the following is true of divided attention in the context of memory encoding? It negates the role of deep processing in memory. conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? As you study the vocabulary A. negative punishment. Your friend wonders A. high consciousness. A. barbiturate. than those in the middle. Which of the following is true regarding learning through operant conditioning? D. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components. A. sensory A. Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? D. within three hours of falling asleep. Tranquilizers and alcohol are C. sudden, uncontrollable urge to fall asleep. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. C. Self-actualization This state of mind is referred to as C. are the lowest or least alert state of human consciousness. D. acquisition, extinction, generalization, and discrimination, . He injected his D. sleep apnea. B. have difficulty falling asleep at the hour at which they would like. A. physical dependence. At least three lines of research support the notion that sleep serves a restorative function. Identify the true statement about automatic processes. Compared with to dreams that occur during the REM stage, those that occur during the non-REM stage are C. reinforcement. A. Mindfulness A. sleep apnea. Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness? D. They decrease dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night.